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  Climate Change and Pakistan: An Existential Threat Demanding Urgent Governance Reforms Introduction Climate change has emerged as one of the most pressing global challenges of the twenty-first century, transcending borders and disproportionately affecting vulnerable nations. Pakistan, despite contributing less than one percent to global greenhouse gas emissions, ranks among the most climate-vulnerable countries in the world. Rising temperatures, erratic monsoon patterns, glacial melting, floods, droughts, and food insecurity have transformed climate change from an environmental issue into an existential threat. The severity of its impact underscores the urgent need for governance reforms, adaptive capacity building, and climate-resilient development strategies. Pakistan’s Climate Vulnerability: A Structural Reality Pakistan’s geographical and socio-economic conditions make it exceptionally susceptible to climate change. The country hosts one of the largest non-polar glacial syste...